Geographical information system (GIS) environmental models for aquaculture development in Sinaloa State,Mexico

This paper describes the use of a geographical information system (GIS) to construct environmental models for land-based aquaculture development in the State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Based on the source data, submodels were created focusing on three different themes: general environmental issues, water resources and water quality. Models enabled multicriteria and multiobjective decision making concerning site selection and location. In assessing site considerations these general models identified wider resource management options and solved conflicts of land allocation and land use between aquaculture and agriculture. Smaller-scale, more specific models enabled more detailed studies on environmental issues.     

Environmental impact mitigation and bi-culture: a comparative legal analysis of flexibility within European legal regimes – biofilter deployment

This paper investigates the potential flexibility within the current legal frameworks governing marine aquaculture across Europe to cater for the installation and management of marine biofilters alongside fish farms. The basis for debate is that deployment of these biofilters could be used to facilitate environmental impact mitigation. Furthermore, they have the potential to facilitate the development of bi-culture or polyculture through the harvesting of species from the biofilters themselves, for example, mussels (Mytilus edulis). This study explores the flexibility within and suitability of the current legal systems within Europe to cater for the specific technology’s adoption and management. The challenges identified from the legislative and policy frameworks are discussed along with the applicability of these to the use of biofilters for the development of bi-culture. Penultimately, recommendations are made as to where additional measures are needed and the challenges and difficulties that such measures will need to overcome before biofilters can be applied for environmental impact mitigation. Finally, the paper illustrates an application of ‘Comparative Legal Analysis’, demonstrating links to the question in hand and through so doing to wider coastal issues.     

Effect of varying density and water level on the spawning response of African catfish Clarias gariepinus: Implications for seed production

The development of a reliable methodology for spawning of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus without the use of hormone injections would greatly improve the prospects of aquaculture in Africa. Earlier work has shown that it is possible to produce C. gariepinus fingerlings by subjecting the broodfish to a physical stress of reduced water depth and/or increased temperature. The hypothesis that C. gariepinus could be induced to spawn through a combined physical stress of lowered water level and increased stocking density was tested in concrete tanks. Three water levels (25, 50 and 75 cm) and three stocking densities (2, 4 and 6 pairs of broodfish at a 1:1 sex ratio in each hapa) were tested. Water depth in the tanks and brood fish density in the hapas affected spawning success. The percentage of spawning females was significantly higher when broodfish were stocked at 2 and 4 pairs in each hapa at water levels of 25 cm or 50 cm. There was no significant difference in spawning response between the 25 and 50 cm depths while a significant difference was seen between the 75 cm and both 25 and 50 cm depths. The results indicate optimum levels and densities for enhancing spawning success in C. gariepinus.     

秸秆沼气化发电技术生命周期评估及经济分析

该文基于生命周期评价方法和时间价值动态分析方法对沼气直燃发电技术、沼气燃料电池发电技术作可行性分析,并与燃煤发电技术相比,旨在综合评估三种发电技术在环境和经济上的特点,为发电方式选择提供参考依据。结果表明：沼气燃料电池发电技术环境效益最佳,总环境影响负荷为8.55×10-4,沼气直燃发电技术总环境影响负荷为2.15×10-2,两者相较于燃煤发电（2.97×10-1）的减排量分别为99.71%和92.76%。在经济上,沼气直燃发电技术的投资回收期最短（12.03年）,运营期净现值可达1 497 371元/MW;其次是燃煤发电技术（14.5年）,净现值为672 529元/MW;沼气燃料电池发电技术动态回收期>20年且未实现盈余。说明沼气直燃发电技术在近期内将仍是替代燃煤发电的最佳发电技术之一。     

明山煤矿区废弃地重金属污染土壤环境质量评价

为了科学评价广东省明山煤矿区废弃地土壤重金属污染情况,于2010年11月至2011年3月,采集明山煤矿区废弃地受重金属污染的5个样点的土壤样品,运用原子吸收分光光度法对土壤中7种重金属元素进行测定。结果表明,1土壤pH在2.87~6.16,土壤较贫瘠。2土壤污染主要是Cd、Mn污染,其中,Cd平均含量为2.052 mg/kg(0.759~3.109 mg/kg),超标严重;Mn平均含量为421.215 mg/kg(387.057~488.660 mg/kg),污染严重。3从内梅罗综合污染指数看,样点1、样点4、样点5为极重污染,样点2、样点3为中度污染。     

Pollution of Environmental Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals(EDCs) in Water and Its Adverse Reproductive Effect on Fish

越来越多的环境内分泌干扰物（ EDCs）不断释放到环境,并通过大气沉降、地表径流、土壤淋溶和直接排放等方式进入水体,从而使水体成为 EDCs 存在的主要场所之一。为引起社会对水体 EDCs 污染的广泛关注,并积极采取EDCs 危害防治措施,保护鱼类资源和水生态系统,本文介绍了 EDCs 的分类,详述了自然水体、饮用水源水以及自来水中EDCs 污染情况,阐明了 EDCs 对鱼类的生殖危害。资料分析显示,EDCs 能够扰乱生物体内分泌功能,导致生殖器官、生殖机能和生殖行为异常,引起生育力下降,甚至生物繁殖机能损害,并最终导致种群数量下降,以至物种灭绝。虽然国内外已经开展了一些关于 EDCs 对生物危害等方面的研究,但大都处于起步阶段,存在着基础研究薄弱、识别和鉴定困难或代价太大等问题,有关工作亟需全面、深入开展。     

提高环境工程专业硕士研究生实践能力的对策研究

针对当前环境工程专业硕士研究生实践教学培养过程中存在的人才培养方案中实践教学设置偏少、校外实习基地短缺及实践导师匮乏等问题,提出了提高环境工程专业硕士生实践能力的相关对策,以期提高环境工程专业硕士研究生的培养质量.     

农村环境综合整治技术研究

随着经济与社会的发展,农村环境质量状况不容乐观,如何改善农村环境已成为目前亟待解决的一个问题.从农村环境现状入手,通过对农村环境污染源的分析研究,提出相应的解决措施,探讨农村环境综合整治的有效方法.     

土壤中多环芳烃污染及其环境行为研究进展

概述了土壤环境中多环芳烃的来源和分布,同时分析了多环芳烃在土壤中的环境行为研究进展。     

稻草秸秆在环境污染治理中的应用研究

稻草秸秆由于其结构的特殊性及廉价易得的特点,被越来越多的研究者利用,用于开发新型高效的吸附剂。综述了稻草秸秆作为吸附剂在环境污染治理中的应用,介绍了对稻草秸秆常用的改性方式,阐述了稻草秸秆吸附剂在重金属离子、有机物等去除方面的研究进展,并展望了稻草秸秆作为环境污染治理吸附剂的发展方向。